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@ -7,6 +7,15 @@
[![PkgGoDev](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset?tab=doc)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset?tab=doc)
This library is part of the [awesome go collection](https://github.com/avelino/awesome-go). It is used in production by several important systems:
* [beego](https://github.com/beego/beego)
* [CubeFS](https://github.com/cubefs/cubefs)
* [Amazon EKS Distro](https://github.com/aws/eks-distro)
* [sourcegraph](https://github.com/sourcegraph/sourcegraph-public-snapshot)
* [torrent](https://github.com/anacrolix/torrent)
## Description
Package bitset implements bitsets, a mapping between non-negative integers and boolean values.
@ -16,7 +25,7 @@ It provides methods for setting, clearing, flipping, and testing individual inte
But it also provides set intersection, union, difference, complement, and symmetric operations, as well as tests to check whether any, all, or no bits are set, and querying a bitset's current length and number of positive bits.
BitSets are expanded to the size of the largest set bit; the memory allocation is approximately Max bits, where Max is the largest set bit. BitSets are never shrunk. On creation, a hint can be given for the number of bits that will be used.
BitSets are expanded to the size of the largest set bit; the memory allocation is approximately Max bits, where Max is the largest set bit. BitSets are never shrunk automatically, but `Shrink` and `Compact` methods are available. On creation, a hint can be given for the number of bits that will be used.
Many of the methods, including Set, Clear, and Flip, return a BitSet pointer, which allows for chaining.
@ -60,19 +69,83 @@ func main() {
}
```
As an alternative to BitSets, one should check out the 'big' package, which provides a (less set-theoretical) view of bitsets.
If you have Go 1.23 or better, you can iterate over the set bits like so:
```go
for i := range b.EachSet() {}
```
Package documentation is at: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset?tab=doc
## Serialization
You may serialize a bitset safely and portably to a stream
of bytes as follows:
```Go
const length = 9585
const oneEvery = 97
bs := bitset.New(length)
// Add some bits
for i := uint(0); i < length; i += oneEvery {
bs = bs.Set(i)
}
var buf bytes.Buffer
n, err := bs.WriteTo(&buf)
if err != nil {
// failure
}
// Here n == buf.Len()
```
You can later deserialize the result as follows:
```Go
// Read back from buf
bs = bitset.New()
n, err = bs.ReadFrom(&buf)
if err != nil {
// error
}
// n is the number of bytes read
```
The `ReadFrom` function attempts to read the data into the existing
BitSet instance, to minimize memory allocations.
*Performance tip*:
When reading and writing to a file or a network connection, you may get better performance by
wrapping your streams with `bufio` instances.
E.g.,
```Go
f, err := os.Create("myfile")
w := bufio.NewWriter(f)
```
```Go
f, err := os.Open("myfile")
r := bufio.NewReader(f)
```
## Memory Usage
The memory usage of a bitset using N bits is at least N/8 bytes. The number of bits in a bitset is at least as large as one plus the greatest bit index you have accessed. Thus it is possible to run out of memory while using a bitset. If you have lots of bits, you might prefer compressed bitsets, like the [Roaring bitmaps](http://roaringbitmap.org) and its [Go implementation](https://github.com/RoaringBitmap/roaring).
The memory usage of a bitset using `N` bits is at least `N/8` bytes. The number of bits in a bitset is at least as large as one plus the greatest bit index you have accessed. Thus it is possible to run out of memory while using a bitset. If you have lots of bits, you might prefer compressed bitsets, like the [Roaring bitmaps](https://roaringbitmap.org) and its [Go implementation](https://github.com/RoaringBitmap/roaring).
## Implementation Note
The `roaring` library allows you to go back and forth between compressed Roaring bitmaps and the conventional bitset instances:
```Go
mybitset := roaringbitmap.ToBitSet()
newroaringbitmap := roaring.FromBitSet(mybitset)
```
Go 1.9 introduced a native `math/bits` library. We provide backward compatibility to Go 1.7, which might be removed.
It is possible that a later version will match the `math/bits` return signature for counts (which is `int`, rather than our library's `unit64`). If so, the version will be bumped.
### Goroutine safety
In general, it's not safe to access the same BitSet using different goroutines--they are unsynchronized for performance.
Should you want to access a BitSet from more than one goroutine, you should provide synchronization. Typically this is done by using channels to pass the *BitSet around (in Go style; so there is only ever one owner), or by using `sync.Mutex` to serialize operations on BitSets.
## Installation
@ -91,3 +164,13 @@ Before committing the code, please check if it passes tests, has adequate covera
go test
go test -cover
```
## Stars
[![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=bits-and-blooms/bitset&type=Date)](https://www.star-history.com/#bits-and-blooms/bitset&Date)
## Further reading
<p>Mastering Programming: From Testing to Performance in Go</p>
<div><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FMPGSWR5"><img style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/61feneHS7kL._SL1499_.jpg" alt="" width="250px" /></a></div>